Tieszen, L.L. U.S. International Biological Program, Washington DC Tundra Biome Data Report 73-22. Necessary for judgements on ‘edge effects’. Point Barrow. Point Barrow first appeared on the 1880 U.S. Census as the unincorporated Inuit village of "Kokmullit" (AKA Nuwuk). The AVA-AK is a regional database that is part of the larger Arctic Vegetation Archive (Walker 2016a, Walker et al. highest (1), high (2), high but incomplete (3), moderate (4), moderate and incomplete (5), low (6). The nature and appropriateness, to the Arctic Vegetation Archive (AVA), of data sets gathered using the Webber plant community sampling method. Mission. On the flip side, the northerly U.S. city called Point Barrow, experiences annual precipitation levels of 4.3 inches. Ecological investigations of the tundra biome in the Prudhoe Bay region, Alaska. Contact for Data Center Access Information: Brown, J., K.R. Mean height of the canopy within the stand (cm). NPP Tundra: Point Barrow, Alaska, 1970-1972, R1 This data set contains three data files. Scientists estimate that these frozen landscapes store twice as much carbon as is found in the atmosphere. Temporal Coverage: 1972-08-01 2010-08-01. In the early 1950s investigations by the U.S. Geological Survey (Brewer 1958) demonstrated the influence of lakes, ocean and buildings on near-surface permafrost temperature regimes and illustrated the characteristic zero curtain during the annual freeze-thaw cycles of 1951 and 1952. One file (.csv format) provides above- and below-ground biomass and leaf area index (LAI) data for a wet arctic tundra meadow (Biome research site 2, Dupontia meadow, vegetation type V) studied from 1970 to 1971 at Point Barrow, Alaska, USA, (71.30 N -156.67 W Elevation 5 m). Latitude (decimal degrees). See companion file Barrow_Tundra_Veg_Plots_Photographs.pdf. Species Data -- Presence and cover. This observatory includes a central facility at Barrow (known officially as Utqiaġvik) and, to the east, the third ARM Mobile Facility at Oliktok Point. [7] It did not report in 1900, but appeared again from 1910-1940. The term Point Barrow whales refers to gray whales that were trapped in the ice at Point Barrow in 1988, which attracted attention from the public worldwide. Temporal Resolution: Each plot was sampled once in 1972, 1999, 2008, and 2010. Site moisture. The "Shooting Station" is located a few miles southwest of Point Barrow. Only 30% of sunlight is visible from the forest floor. (Ed). Temperature for the warmest months in the arctic tundra ranges from 3-12° C (37- 57° F). Species cover data are given as percentage. Scientists say the Arctic is warming twice as fast as the rest of the planet, and former North Slope Borough Mayor Edward Itta has called Utqiagvik “ground zero for climate-change science.” Relevé number in the species table in the reference for species data. Taxa are listed in alphabetical order according to the accepted PASL name. 3) Field observations of site factors including slope, aspect, and estimates of cover of bare soil, rocks, and the major plant growth forms. The IBP study area was active between 1970 and 1973, and focused on a study area near Barrow, Alaska at the northernmost point on the Alaskan Coastal Plain (71°18'N 156°40'W) in close proximity to both the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas. Temperature for the warmest months in the arctic tundra ranges from 3-12° C (37- 57° F). 2018-12-31, Data Set Version: McKendrick, J. D., V. Ott and G. A. Mitchell. Spatial Resolution: Point resolution. Field data were collected using Braun-Blanquet, US National Vegetation Classification protocols, or comparable methods. The database contains vegetation plots from homogeneous plant communities with tables of cover or cover-abundance scores for all species and accompanying environmental site data. Webber, P. J. and D. C. Ebert. This is due to the extreme heat. Webber, P. J. NPS Photo / R. Lasell. The savanna biome is basically grassland with very few trees. A horned puffin in flight. Point Barrow is an important geographical landmark, marking the limit between two marginal seas of the Arctic Ocean, the Chukchi Sea to the west and the Beaufort Sea to the east.[1]. (The northernmost point on the North American mainland, Murchison Promontory in Canada, is 40 miles (64 km) farther north.) Villarreal, S., R. D. Hollister, D. R. Johnson, M. J. Lara, P. J. Webber, and C. E. Tweedie. Plot numbers are the same each year. *_Repeat_Plots_YYYY, report data for the 33 plots sampled on all 4 events on the respective year. Annual precipitation levels can reach 20 inches. (The northernmost point on the North American mainland, Murchison Promontoryin Canada, is 40 miles (64 km) farther north.) Domain: Core ABoVE region. Subjective assessment of taxonomic quality of the cryptogam data by the party that submitted the plot. 0732885). [5] All 200 residents were Inuit. cycle increased by 40% at Point Barrow, AK, and by 20% at Mauna Loa, HI over the period 1960–1993 [Keeling et al., 1996]. The tundra at Barrow is considered coastal tundra located in the most northern region of North Slope and is characterized by various microtopographic features such as polygons, as well as many ponds and lakes. Tundra vegetation change near Barrow, Alaska (1972-2010). Here’s another unique opportunity: To see the very northernmost point in the U.S. You can take a full-day tour to experience this rugged outpost. This field is necessary as raw environmental data is often not included in the main publication. A region of tundra > 200,000 km2 in area, the arctic slope of Alaska has continuous permafrost, snow cover for 7-9 mo each year, and low relief (Britton 1966). Point Barrow or Nuvuk is a headland on the Arctic coast in the U.S. state of Alaska, 9 miles (14 km) northeast of Utqiaġvik (formerly Barrow). Spatial and temporal variation of the vegetation and its production, Barrow, Alaska. Natur., Publ. Archaeological evidence indicates that Point Barrow was occupied by the ancestors of the Iñupiat for almost 1,000 years prior to the arrival of the first Europeans. Nome’s precipitation levels hit 18.4 inches. Webber, S.F. Table 3. Project: Arctic-Boreal Vulnerability Experiment (ABoVE). Ecology 56(2): 401-409. At Barrow the sun remains above the horizon from 10 May until 2 August, yet the summer climate It reported 152 residents, of which 143 were Native, 8 were "other race" and 1 was White. ISBN: 978-9935-431-29-5. 1. Data for functional type percent covers for 2010 only. Photos of Plot 1319 during repeated measurements. Tieszen, L. L. (1978) Photosynthesis in the principal Barrow, Alaska, species: A summary of field and laboratory responses. These data and their corresponding resampling data from 1999, 2008, and 2010 for the 33 relocated sites (330 sub-plots) were assessed for change and published as part of a PhD dissertation (Villarreal 2013), site-specific papers (Lara et al. Forty-three (43) plots were assessed for estimated percent land cover by species and plot data including moisture, topographic position, slope, aspect, shape, and soil data. Over thousands of years, the remains of plants (and animals) that never fully decomposed have become part of the frozen soil in Alaska, Canada, northern Europe, and Russia. The Barrow vegetation plots were originally described and mapped by Dr. Patrick J. Webber in 1972 as part of the International Biological Program (IBP). 2018. Run at Point Barrow in April 2019 Climate change in the Arctic and Boreal region is unfolding faster than anywhere else on Earth. Content of species data files for the vegetation plots. Mission. These data columns and descriptions are identical to the header data in the Turboveg database. For example, Nome city in Alaska occurs in a tundra biome. The traditional name was voted back in 2016 to support the preservation of the Inupiaq language. Prefixes: Alaska (1), Russia (2), Canada (3). These data are available through the Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) Distributed Active Will specify the source of the name in the previous field. Even during the winter, some ice would be grounded in shallow waters near the shore, but farther out, long breaks would develop in the floating ice as winds and ocean currents push and pull at it. Taxa are listed in alphabetical order according to the accepted PASL name. Table 2. Aspect is measured counterclockwise in degrees from 0 (due north) to 360 (again due north, coming full circle). 2) Survey of vegetation species and quantification of species cover as described above. CAFF Proceedings Report #11. The Vegetation Pattern and Succession. Seedless vascular plant (ferns, horsetails, club mosses) cover (%). Georeference source. 1) is situated near Barrow, Alaska (71018'N, 156042'W). Dowden, Hutchinson & Ross, Stroudsburg, Pennsylvania, U.S.A. Callaghan. Point Barrow. natural vegetation (NAT) or anthropologically disturbed (DIS). vicinity of Barrow by Mather and Thornthwaite (1956), Weaver (1965), Kelley and Weaver (1969) and others. Direct link to the plot archive record in the Arctic Geoecological Atlas: http://agc.portal.gina.alaska.edu/catalogs/10178-alaska-arctic-vegetation-archive-barrow-vegeta. Accuracy of georeference as recorded by GPS (m). As a contribution to the IBP, Webber ( 1978 ) described eight plant communities comprised of similar dominant species that differed in their abundance between communities. The name was first recorded, by colonizers, in 1853 as "Ot-ki-a-wing" by Commander Rochfort Maguire, Royal Navy. The water around it is normally ice-free for two or three months a year, but this was not the experience of the early explorers. Keeling, S.C. Piper, A.F. Column headings include the plot identifiers. 1973). Each vegetation plot consists of a 1 x 10-m belt with a 1-m x 10-cm strip along the inside. In sections of tundra that occur in proximity to the oceans or large bodies of water. doi:10.5065/D6XS5SD1. State/territory: Alaska (study sites around Barrow) Grid cells: Ahh1Avv0Bh2Bv1. The pH reported by author. [2] It is immediately adjacent to the Birnirk Site. 1980). Webber, P. J. Group of Inuits of America's Arctic coastline who came to visit the camp of the Canadian explorer Vilhjalmur Stefanson, near Point Barrow. (Y or N). Arctic Vegetation Plots for IBP Tundra Biome, Barrow, Alaska, 1972-2010. The method consists of recording the composition of vegetation in plots each of which is a linear, contiguous arrangement of ten 1 x 1m quadrats placed in a visually homogeneous patch. John Simpson's native map dated 1855, records the name "Otkiawik," which was misprinted on the subsequent British Admiralty Chart as "Otkiovik." 1) is situated near Barrow, Alaska (71018'N, 156042'W). The North Slope Borough is committed to having healthy communities, economically, spiritually and culturally. Ordination and production of tundra vegetation from Niwot Ridge, Colorado, and Point Barrow, Alaska. Lara M. J, S. Villarreal, D. R. Johnson, R. D. Hollister, P. J. Webbe and C. E. Tweedie. For Iñui… 0000004474 00000 n The accident occurred 15 miles southwest of Utqiagvik (Barrow), a planned stop on their trip from … For United States, the code is US. The Borough works with the tribes, cities, corporations, schools, and businesses to support a strong culture, encourage families and employees to choose a healthy lifestyle, and sustain a vibrant economy. Webber, P.J., S. Villarreal, and C.E. Alaska Arctic Vegetation Archive Workshop, Boulder, Colorado, October 14-16, 2013. There are ten data files in comma-separated format (.csv) with this data set. highest (1), high (2), high but incomplete (3), moderate (4), moderate and incomplete (5), low (6). Villarreal, S. 2013. International Polar Year (IPY) Back to the Future (BTF): Changes in arctic ecosystem structure over decadal time scales. flat elevated plain (includes plateaus and elevated river terraces) (EL_PLN); hill crest (CRST); shoulder (SHLD); backslope (BACK); footslope (includes toeslopes) (FOOT); flat low plain (LW_PLN); riparian zone (includes active floodplains, drainage channels, water tracks) (RIPZN); lake or pond (LAKE). Aspect of relevé (degrees). From the dense moss carpeted rainforests of southeast Alaska, to the wide-open expanses of the tundra on the North Slope these ecosystems and provide habitat for a variety of fish and wildlife species. Point Barrow or Nuvuk is a headland on the Arctic coast in the U.S. state of Alaska, 9 miles (14 km) northeast of Utqiaġvik (formerly Barrow). Original data from 1972 were classified and community descriptions were published as a report (Webber & Ebert 1973) and as a component of IBP books (Brown et al. 1980, Webber 1978, Webber et al. Barrow_Tundra_IBP_Environemntal_Data_Repeat_Plots_1972.csv, Barrow_Tundra_IBP_Environemntal_Data_Single_Plots_1972.csv, Barrow_Tundra_IBP_Environemntal_Data_Repeat_Plots_1999.csv, Barrow_Tundra_IBP_Environmental_Data_Repeat_Plots_2008.csv, Barrow_Tundra_IBP_Environmental_Data_Repeat_Plots_2010.csv. The Tundra Biome aquatic site (Fig. It is the northernmost point of all the territory of the United States, at 71°23′20″N 156°28′45″W / 71.38889°N 156.47917°W / 71.38889; -156.47917 (Point Barrow)Coordinates: 71°23′20″N 156°28′45″W / 71.38889°N 156.47917°W / 71.38889; -156.47917 (Point Barrow), 1,122 nautical miles (1,291 mi; 2,078 km) south of the North Pole. Area of the relevé (m2). Akureyri, Iceland. The Borough works with the tribes, cities, corporations, schools, and businesses to support a strong culture, encourage families and employees to choose a healthy lifestyle, and sustain a vibrant economy. inland from Barrow at 71 ’ 18’ N., 156’41’ W., and is characterized … There are still summer cabins constructed by locals and used for subsistence hunting and fishing in this area. 89 Canadian Arctic (Polunin 1948) and the Western Taimyr, USSR (Matveyeva et al. The mean average temperature vary according to location, with temperatures of -12° C (10° F) in Point Barrow, Alaska located at (71.3 ° N) to -28° C (-18° F) at the Northern region of Greenland (71° N). If data were not collected using the relevé method, specify collection method and source. Subzone A (A), Subzone B (B), Subzone C (C), Subzone D (D), Subzone E (E), Treeless Oceanic Boreal (O), Forest-Tundra Transition (FT), Boreal (BO). ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. Turboveg record number sequentially assigned during data entry. 1) Taking photographs of the general site. Point Barrow, northernmost point of Alaska, U.S., situated on the Arctic Ocean.Archaeological evidence dates human habitation (by Inupiaq Eskimos) in the area from about 500 ce.The headland was explored in 1826 by Frederick W. Beechey and named for Sir John Barrow, British promoter of Arctic exploration; its Inupiaq name is Ukpeagvik, meaning “Place Where Owls Are Hunted.” Plot data reported in *_Single_Plots_1972.csv are for 10 plots not relocated in 1999 for repeated measurements. Table number(s) in which species data occur in the reference for species data. ANPP, BNPP, and TNPP values reported in ORNL data sets. 3. Temporal Resolution: Each plot was sampled once in 1972, 1999, 2008, and 2010. That equals 1,167 kilometersor 630 nautical miles. You’ll also get to see the site of the old village of Nuvuk, which was occupied 1,000 years before the arrival of the first Europeans and is now an important archaeological site. Positive latitudes are north of the equator, negative latitudes are south of the equator. The field is left blank to indicate the plot had no boundaries or no estimate of the sampled area. Methods for quantifying pH vary. Note that functional type percent covers for 2010 were calculated from species cover data by Sandra Villarreal (2012). Occupation continued into the 1940s. Tieszen, L. L. (1978) Photosynthesis in the principal Barrow, Alaska, species: A summary of field and laboratory responses. Relevé location as indicated by the author. Field estimate of texture at the top of the mineral horizon. Beechey could not reach it by ship and had to send a ship's boat ahead. 1980. Tweedie, C. E.2013. Table 1. Figure 3. Nome’s precipitation levels hit 18.4 inches. The six-sided monument honors pioneer Wiley Post and comedian and homespun philosopher Will Rogers who died in 1935 when their plane went down 15 miles southwest of Barrow during a flight to Seberia. 9) Wet Carex aquatilis-Eriophorum russeolum meadow (8 plots). Study Area (All latitude and longitude given in decimal degrees). Percent cover were only calculated for 2010. An Arctic ecosystem: the coastal tundra at Barrow, Alaska. Reference from which the environmental data were taken. The air distance from Anchorage, Alaska, to Barrow on Point Barrow Headland, Alaska, is 725 miles. Includes land cover, topographic position, slope, aspect, shape, soil moisture, and soil data. 2. dry (DRY), moist (MST), wet (WET), aquatic/emergent (AQU), unknown (not recorded) (N). PhD thesis, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA. Companion file with plot photos, often for multiple sampling events. Point Barrow, a headland nine miles from town, is where the Chukchi and Beaufort seas meet. The air distance from Anchorage, Alaska, to Barrow on PointBarrow Headland, Alaska, is 725 miles. At Barrow the sun remains above the horizon from 10 May until 2 August, yet the summer climate Locations of Barrow IBP vegetation plots. 1980, Webber 1978, Webber et al. You’ll also get to see the site of the old village of Nuvuk, which was occupied 1,000 years before the arrival of the first Europeans and is now an important archaeological site. It is the northernmost point of all the territory of the United States, at 71°23′20″N 156°28′45″W / 71.38889°N 156.47917°W , 1,122 nautical miles (1,291 mi; 2,078 km) south of the North Pole. 1972. McKendrick, J. D., V. Ott and G. A. Mitchell. Barrow_Tundra_IBP_Species_Data_Repeat_Plots_1972.csv, Barrow_Tundra_IBP_Species_Data_Single_Plots_1972.csv, Barrow_Tundra_IBP_Species_Data_Repeat_Plots_1999.csv, Barrow_Tundra_IBP_Species_Data_Repeat_Plots_2008.csv, Barrow_Tundra_IBP_Species_Data_Repeat_Plots_2010.csv. The North Slope of Alaska (NSA) atmospheric observatory is providing data about cloud and radiative processes at high latitudes. The second file, also in .csv format, provides net primary productivity (NPP) estimates for different plant growth forms for eight … Just west of the Alaska Airlines terminal at Ahkovak and Momegana Streets, is the Will Rogers and Wiley Post Monument. The Barrow IBP vegetation plot data have been extensively analyzed, updated, and published. In Vegetation and Production Ecology of … Two of the major Landmarks in the tundra biome are in Alaska, The first is Million Dollar Bridge, it was built in the early 1900's, it's also called The Miles Glacier Bridge, and got its name from the cost to build it which was 1.4 million dollars. square (S), rectangle (R), linear/band-forming (L), circular (O), irregular (I), more subplots combined (C), unknown (not-recorded) (N). Puffins belong to the Alcid family, a group of diving birds that swim underwater using their wings for propulsion and their feet for steering. Contents of plot environmental data. The waters off Point Barrow are on the bowhead whale migration route and it is surmised that the site was chosen to make hunting easier. 1978. Country code generated by Turboveg. Annual precipitation levels can reach 20 inches. Vegetation and Production Ecology of an Alaskan Arctic Tundra (L. L. Tieszen, Ed.). Main publication or data report from which the species data were taken. In 1826 John Franklin tried to reach it from the east and was blocked by ice. There is a nearby Global Atmosphere Watch atmospheric monitoring station. In addition to the numerous data synthesis and analysis papers resulting from this repeating sampling activity, Webber also provided insight on the quality of these and other datasets collected using his plant community sampling method at the Alaska AVA Boulder Workshop (Webber 2014). Also known as Barrow, Utqiaġvik is the northern most settlement in US Alaska. so named because between 1965 and 1972 it was a launch site for Nike-Cajun and Nike Apache sounding rockets. 2012) and as part of a synthesis of the larger IPY Back to the Future project (Callaghan et al. In 1849 William Pullen rounded it in two whale boats after sending two larger boats back west because of the ice.
Below-ground NPP was estimated from below-ground biomass (Webber, 1978) and from longevity of below-ground plant parts (Shaver and Billings, 1975; Billings et al., 1978). 10) Wet Dupontia fisheri-Eriophorum angustifolium meadow (6 plots). An Arctic ecosystem: the coastal tundra at Barrow, Alaska. 2013, Walker and Raynolds 2011). The Tundra Biome’s intensive study site is situ- ated on the open tundra approximately 3 km. Bollenbacher and J.S. "[8], Northernmost point of the United States in Alaska, northernmost point on the North American mainland, "The Northernmost Points In The United States", http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1880a_v1-17.pdf, http://www2.census.gov/prod2/decennial/documents/1890a_v8-01.pdf, The Papers of Henry W. Greist on Point Barrow, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Point_Barrow&oldid=1012271777, Short description is different from Wikidata, Pages using infobox settlement with bad settlement type, Wikipedia articles with WorldCat-VIAF identifiers, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 15 March 2021, at 14:32. ORNL DAAC, Oak Ridge, Tennessee, USA. 2016b, Walker 2013). The headland is an important archaeological site, yielding burials and artifacts associated with the Thule culture, including uluit and bola. There is also a companion file with plot photos, often these photos document multiple sampling events. Precipitation in tundra biome cannot exceed 10 inches per year, but there are notable exceptions. If environmental data are from a table, indicate table number(s) from the reference for environmental data. These files contain species cover data for the vegetation plots. Arctic Vegetation Plots for IBP Tundra Biome, Barrow, Alaska, 1972-2010. One file (.csv format) provides above- and below-ground biomass and leaf area index (LAI) data for a wet arctic tundra meadow (Biome research site 2, Dupontia meadow, vegetation type V) studied from 1970 to 1971 at Point Barrow, Alaska, USA, (71.30 N -156.67 W Elevation 5 m). Vegetation and Production Ecology of an Alaskan Arctic Tundra. A gateway to the Arctic ocean, the history in this part of the world dates back to 500 AD … The lack of trees is due to the lack of rain in the area. T. V., C. E. Tweedie, J. Ackerman, C. Andrews, J. Bergstedt, et al. past six decades near Barrow Alaska. Each site is divided into 10 sub-plots in which species percent cover is visually estimated in the 1m x 10-cm strip and species presence in the 1-m x 90-cm sub-plot. The Pre-ABoVE vegetation plot datasets were curated to create the Alaska Arctic Vegetation Archive (AVA-AK; Walker et al. Has the relevé been sampled more than once? Pages 37-112 in L. L. Tieszen, editor.
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