Where can I learn some Belter language. Earth and Mars have a financial interest in the colonies in the Belt, and Belters typically work for companies owned by Inners. I must note here that I am not a creolist by any means, so please forgive (and correct!) The Expanse: Why Marco & Other Belters Hate Earth & Mars Belters use the standard language when they have to talk to people not from the Belt, and belta to communicate with the in-group. List of words in the Belter Creole language (TV-version). The Belters consider Earth and Mars to be equally bad and refer to them as the Inners. The question remains as to whether modern tools like Google Translate or Duolingo would have an effect in this situation. For a real-world, US-based example, we have Standard American English (what you learn in school) and African-American Vernacular English (which has its own separate rules). Think of how a Belter would say “Jo-burg” as in Johannesburg. Early on in the book, Miller and his partner are interviewing a witness to a crime. In a creole, ‘is’ and ‘am’ would often be omitted: the sky blue . Verbal inflection … that of the people in power). A really cool but rare result of language contact is a mixed language. The background pits three main factions against each other: Earth, Mars, and “the Belt,” which is everything past the asteroid belt. He is a proponent of the pidgin-creole lifecycle hypothesis, which he refers to as Creole Exceptionalism, and I think he lays out an excellent case for his argument. It was just my luck that Ars Technica published an interview with Nick Farmer about his work on the TV version of Belter while I was putting the edits on this post. I didn’t write every example of belta in my notes as I read, and the ones I took are primarily from the first two books. His partner, from Earth, remarks that it’s “Belters keeping the Earther out,” but Miller corrects him: it’s poor folks keeping the educated guy out. There are also various sociolinguistic factors in evidence in belta. TomoNews US. Lewis’, A Small and Eclectic Herd of Recent Equine Delights, Thomason, Sarah and Terrence Kaufman. These are not specifically tied to creoles; these are factors that we all use every day when we speak, write, listen, and read. Naomi and Miller explain to the three Inners in the room that people and society are different in the Belt. Category:Belter phrases; This is a very large category! Ars Talks with the Creator of 'The Expanse' Belter Creole Language. Earth and Mars have a very tentative alliance that could come crashing down at the least provocation. McWhorter gives an example from Sranan Creole English, spoken in Suriname (5), which includes multiple creole features: the hunter NEG PAST PROG buy a house give me, “The hunter was not buying a house for me.”. Active 2 years, 4 months ago. Generally, nouns are not inflected for number; a singular noun has the same form as a plural one. Diglossia occurs when two dialects or languages exist in the same space and are spoken within a language community. The Expanse Wiki is a FANDOM TV Community. During humanity's expansion into the solar system, people from many different parts of Earth or Mars would often have to live and work together, and they developed a pidgin language so that they could communicate with one another. Language forms a solid plinth for Belter identity, both uniting and alienating them at the same time. The you-form of verbs would be pretty frequently used in this kind of situation, and it’s plausible that this would be the most salient, noticeable form for learners, which they then would pick up and use as the only verb form. Drummer doesn’t believe that Naomi is on her side, so Naomi answers her in the belta basilect. Unlike in English, where the modifier typically precedes the word being modified, in lang Belta the head noun goes first and the one modifying it follows afterwards: Definite articles are used before a person's name in some cases, e.g. The narrators explicitly mention social aspects of belta multiple times. There is no break in transmission of the source languages. In creoles, this often takes the form of generalizing the infinitive. CD Covington has masters degrees in German and Linguistics, likes science fiction and roller derby, and misses having a cat. It’s gotten better, but it has quite a ways to go. Rather than I/me, or he/him, you find ‘me’ or ‘him’ extended to all cases: think Harry Belafonte, “daylight come and me wan’ go home.”. You they dog.” This demonstrates both copula deletion and loss of case distinctions (no possessive marking), as well as the verbing of the noun “kibble.”. I think you could call lang belta a (constructed) creole, because it hits many of the common features of a creole, and if similar conditions were mapped onto a real-world situation, the social aspects would be highly amenable to creole formation. The two most easily identifiable (to me) non-English languages involved in lang belta appear to be German and Spanish, with que/ke, pendejo, agua, nichts, dir, and bist. Encountering the Alien in, Disruptions in Communication Disrupt Atevi Society in CJ Cherryh’s Foreigner Series, Five Books That Get Kinetic Weapons Very Wrong, Fairy Tale Sisters Who Don’t Hate Each Other, The Real Ghosts Were the Friends We Made Along the Way: Téa Obreht’s, Being a Superhero Is Super Hard in the Trailer for, Leia’s Bounty Hunter Disguise Brings My Favorite Fantasy Trope to a Galaxy Far, Far Away, Advertising for Burglars: Lord Dunsany’s “How Nuth Would Have Practised His Art Upon the Gnoles”, Calling Evil Good, and Good Evil: Spiritual Abuse in C.S. If they’re trying to talk to a boss, English makes more sense. Creoles frequently omit the copula. [1] The exception is pronouns, which do have distinct plural forms (see Pronouns below). For our purposes, the rest of this article assumes that the CE hypothesis is correct. What I learned about creoles in Contact Ling was that they are the result of a pidgin developing a full grammar and being acquired and spoken as a native language. (Sociolinguistics is the fun part: it’s the “why do people do the thing?” and “what does it mean when they do the thing?” Many of my friends and colleagues prefer formal linguistics, which is cool I guess, and someone has to study phonetics and morphology and syntax, and I’m glad it’s not me.). Asked 2 years, 11 months ago. Even if a Belter managed to reside on the inner planets, they would be over-policed and underrepresented, while being harassed by planetary authorities. da Milafor "Miller". About those Belter hand-gestures; early space suits had terrible comms that would often crap out, leaving teams working in dangerous environments with only one way to communicate — their hands/ limbs. Seth Macfarlane's From the guys who made family guy +18 only. The FPH advocates only study one or two creoles, when there are in reality hundreds of them, and claim that CEH advocates aren’t scientific because they aren’t using generativist theories. English isn't my first language and with the added slang of Belter it makes it frustrating to follow what they are talking about. 0:49. Take your favorite fandoms with you and never miss a beat. 1 Words and expressions 2 … The Expanse is an ongoing novel series by James S.A. Corey (the collaborative pen name of Daniel Abraham and Ty Franck); currently at eight doorstop-sized volumes, it was adapted for TV by SyFy, cancelled, and rescued by Amazon Prime. It's actually a mix of several Earth languages spoken by the original settlers in the Asteroid Belt colonies — very appropriate, as the Belt is a melting pot of several different races, customs and backgrounds. Ars talks with the creator of "The Expanse" Belter Creole language. Ars Technica. Typologically, Belter is an analytic language. Within a creole, there is an acrolect, which is most similar to the lexifier, a basilect, which is most different from the lexifier, and a mesolect, which is in-between. These languages developed among fluent bilinguals. It was a pretty cool idea at the time and would have done a lot to support the UG hypothesis, but, unfortunately, evidence contradicted this premise, as studies were published that showed that children who created creoles (in this case, Hawaiian Creole English) did not have insufficient input, because they spoke English at school and their parents’ languages at home (McWhorter 2). (This is really a spectrum, rather than a three-point line.). 18 votes, 13 comments. These languages blend together, so you get things like “sabez nichts” (know/s nothing), “bist bien” (am/are good), and “kept top bunk á dir” (for you). This is a pretty neat idea, and it goes along well with the Chomskyan/generativist trend in formal linguistics, but, according to McWhorter, there is no evidence at all whatsoever for this hypothesis. Nouns can come from any of the languages in contact with each other, as can verbs, adjectives, etc, although vocabulary most often comes from the dominant language (i.e. In everyday chit-chat, they’ll probably switch back and forth without thinking about it. me if I misstate something. Related: The Expanse's Book Time Jump Could End The Show Early Because Belters have roots in different nations, their language needed to reflect their multiculturalism. To negate a verb, the lexifier’s negator is placed before the verb. However, it does use compounding and some suffixes for deriving new words. I also noted some examples from the first two seasons of the TV adaptation. This probably means Belter words like "Beltalowda," meaning "us Belters," will be heard on the new episodes. So, beratna: What are your thoughts on belta? If they’re holding a separatist rally to protest Earther rule, Belter is the order of the day. As a language teacher, I have to say I’m not fond of Duolingo’s pedagogical methods (other people have discussed the topic here and here), so I am skeptical of its utility in this kind of hypothetical situation. This is the linking verb ‘to be.’ If the lexifier uses a copula, the creole often lacks it, or only uses it in certain instances. In relation to plantation creoles, for example, the Feature Pool Hypothesis suggests that, as multiple waves of slaves were brought to the Americas, they learned a non-native version of the languages, which approaches equilibrium over time. I think it's ordinary human behavior to switch between languages in order to be better understood by the people you're talking to. Tense, mood, and aspect are simplified in comparison to the lexifier and substrate languages. I don’t know how many real-world creoles are composed of a lexifier plus five or more substrate languages (I think the one McWhorter mentions with the most substrate languages is Mauritian Creole French, at six substrates), but it is certainly possible, especially in a space-future where people from dozens of countries are thrown together and have to communicate. Any sentence can be turned into a yes–no question by ending it with the interrogative particle ke: The related tag question keyá also makes a sentence into a yes–no question, but one which expects agreement: Sentences containing the ke-based interrogative words kemang, kepelésh, ketim, keting, or kewe do not need the trailing ke. While getting interrogated on the martian ship "Donnager" (Season 1, Episode 3 "Remember the Cant"), Naomi shows this sign: 6. TheBakeMyster. Sociolinguistically, lang belta functions as a typical language in a diglossic situation. 0:07 Verbal inflection is minimized. There is also one or more substrates, the minority language which has an effect on the superstrate. “Practically all of the Atlantic English-lexicon creoles, for instance, employ a Past tense derived from been, a Future derived from go, and a Terminative Perfect expressed by done” (Winford 324). European languages are the most frequent lexifiers (English, Spanish, French, Portuguese), and all of these languages use a form of ‘to be’ to link the subject with the predicate: The sky is blue. Throughout the books, people say “bist bien,” which uses the German du-form (2nd person singular) of “to be” for all people and numbers, and “sabez nichts,” which also extends the 2nd person singular form of “to know.” Many creoles extend the infinitive form, but that doesn’t mean this one is impossible.
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